Install CentOS 7 on VirtualBox
Introduction | |
Host-only Adapter | |
Auto Capture | |
Netinstall | |
Remote connection to VM | |
Increase Screen Size | |
Guest Additions |
Introduction
CentOS 7 is a last CentOS, that got support from RedHat for its full lifecycle up to now it is one of the most popular Linux .rpm distros therefor many users install it on VirtualBox to test software developed for RedHat
Centos 7 on Ubuntu
VirtualBox can be installed on Ubuntu by running
sudo apt install virtualbox
To start VirtualBox execute
virtualbox
Host-only Adapter
To create Host-only Adapter it is neccessary to have a virtual network for such
adapters to communicate
In the VirtualBox main window press
File →
Host Network Manager →
Create
Click Properties
Check values in the Adapter tab
Check values in the DHCP Server tab
Open settings of virtual OS → Choose Network → Choose adapter → Connect it to network you have created before
You have the Auto capture keyboard option turned on. This will cause the Virtual Machine to automatically capture the
It means that when you hover mourse cursor over Virtual Machine image it will be captured and
work as mouse cursor in this OS.
To get cursore back you need to click right CTRL.
Usually there is a hint in bottom right corner.
Install image from network
New
Choose name and select Red Hat (64-bit) from the list
Leave Memory size default value. In this example it is 1024 MB
Create a virtual hard disk now → Create
Hard disk file type → VDI (VirtualBox Disk Image) → Next
Storage on physical hard disk → Dynamically allocated → Next
File location and size → 8.00 GB → Create
When you progress to the screen below - click Settings → Network
Attached to: NAT Network.
At least one
NAT Network
should be created in VirtualBox in advance
Adapter 2 → Enable Network Adapter → Attached to: Host-only Adapter
At least on
Host-only
should be created in VirtualBox (File - )
Click Start
If you have installed VMs from some images - they are available in the list.
Choose Minimal image
Install CentOS 7 → Enter
English → English (United States)
Date Time → Helsinki → Done
Network & Host Name
Change Host name and turn on both adapters
Done
Installation Destination - go there and click Done
Installation Source
→ On the network:
http://mirror.gnu.fi/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/
Notice url. It is specific for netinstall. For download we used
isos instead of os
os is for netinstall
Done
Software Selection
Minimal Install → Done
Begin Installation
Reboot
Connect to virtual machine
After reboot execute
ip a s
Or
nmcli conn show
To check network connections
If an interface, e.g. enp0s3, is off, you can turn it on by executing
nmcli conn up enp0s3
To turn interface on automatically with system start write ONBOOT yes
As an option you can change directory to /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
and edit file
ifcfg-enp0s3
with
vi
or use
sed
as root
sudo sed -i s/ONBOOT=no/ONBOOT=yes/ /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s3
If you have problems understanding command above - read the «sed basics» article.
To test if ONBOOT was changed to yes execute
grep ONBOOT !$
More detailed instructions you can find in «Network Configuration в CentOS»
After installation
After installation is done I recommend to use
sudo yum update
Increase screen size
To increase screen resolution you can visit
Settings → Display → Screen
It is possible to increase Scale Factor
Size will be larger but resolution stays the same.
Guest Additions
should be installed to increase resolution.
Guest Additions
To install Guest Additions.
In top menu click
Devices → Insert Guest Additions CD image…
Will appear
Click Run
Then based on Virtualbox version console can or can not start.
If it did not start run it yourself and become a superuser
Execute
mount
Find line with VBOXADDITIONS and execute
/run/media/andrei/VBOXADDITIONS… run
It installation started automatically - wait for it to finish.
It can stuck - then open second terminal and run
reboot
After successfull installation mouse cursore capture should work better. Also it should become possible to switch to full screen mode Usually it is done by pressing
Host + F
Host is usually the same button that release captured mouse cursor.
In this example it is right CTRL.
Clone Virtual Machine
To clone VM it should be Powered Off
Then Clone (Ctrl - O) should be used from context menau
Even if you request new MAC address clone can have same
machine-id
This can lead to IP address duplication in NAT-Network
On both machines execute
cat /etc/machine-id
4ab7d70cacd0d33ca5bc9b2344e5e328
And compare them