Physics, grade 10

Introduction

In this article you can find some additional materials on the physics course for the eighth grade

Textbook Gendenshtein L.E., Kaidalov A.B., 2012 download

Articles to read:

Gendenshtein. Dik. Physics, grade 10

Physics. Grade 10. L. E. Gendenshtein, Yu. I. Dik
Moscow: 2009 - 352 p. Textbook - basic level


For preparation for the Unified State Exam the most basic theory will certainly come in handy, and it is best to take it from a familiar school textbook. I suggest the textbook by Gendenshtein - one of the best basic-level physics textbooks. In our little library there is a selection of their 4 books by Gendenshtein and Dik - the textbooks for grades 10 and 11 and the corresponding problem books

The textbook sets out the fundamentals of mechanics, molecular physics and electrostatics. The clear structure of the textbook makes it easier to understand the educational material. Many examples of the manifestation and application of physical laws in the surrounding life are given, as well as information from the history of physical discoveries, and an illustrated description of physical experiments is provided. Examples of the solution of key problems are given.

CONTENTS
To the teacher and the pupil
Physics and the scientific method of cognition
1. What does physics study and how?
2. The scientific method of cognition
3. Where are physical knowledge and methods used?
MECHANICS
Chapter 1. KINEMATICS
§ 1. Frame of reference. Trajectory, path and displacement
1. Frame of reference
2. Material point
3. Trajectory, path and displacement
§ 2. Velocity
1. Instantaneous velocity
2. Vector quantities and their projections
3. Rectilinear uniform motion
§ 3. Acceleration. Rectilinear uniformly accelerated motion
1. Acceleration
2. Rectilinear uniformly accelerated motion
§ 4. Curvilinear motion
1. Motion of a body thrown at an angle to the horizontal
2. Uniform motion in a circle
§ 5. Examples of solving problems in kinematics
1. Transition to another frame of reference
2. Displacement in rectilinear uniformly accelerated motion
3. Motion in a circle
Chapter 2. DYNAMICS
§ 6. The law of inertia — Newton's first law
1. Early ideas about the causes of the motion of bodies
2. The law of inertia and the phenomenon of inertia
3. Inertial frames of reference and Newton's first law
§ 7. Man's place in the Universe
1. The frame of reference connected with the Earth
2. The heliocentric system of the world
§ 8. Forces in mechanics. Elastic force
1. Interactions and forces
2. Elastic force
3. Hooke's law. Measurement of forces by means of the elastic force
§ 9. Force, acceleration, mass. Newton's second law
1. The relation between force and acceleration
2. Examples of the application of Newton's second law
§ 10. Interaction of two bodies. Newton's third law
1. Interaction of two bodies
2. Examples of the application of Newton's third law
§ 11. Universal gravitation
1. On the way to the discovery
2. The law of universal gravitation
§ 12. Motion under the action of the forces of universal gravitation
1. Motion of bodies near the Earth's surface
2. Motion of artificial Earth satellites and spacecraft
§ 13. Weight and weightlessness
1. Weight
2. Weightlessness
§ 14. Friction forces
1. Sliding friction force
2. Static friction force
3. Rolling friction force
4. Drag force in liquids and gases
§ 15. Examples of solving problems in dynamics
1. Motion under the action of gravitational forces
2. Motion under the action of several forces
Chapter 3. CONSERVATION LAWS IN MECHANICS
§ 16. Momentum. The law of conservation of momentum
1. Momentum and the law of conservation of momentum
2. Examples of the application of the law of conservation of momentum
§ 17 - Jet propulsion. Space exploration
1. Jet propulsion
2. The development of rocket building and the exploration of space
§ 18. Mechanical work. Power
1. Mechanical work
2. Power
§ 19. Energy. The law of conservation of mechanical energy
1. Work and energy
2. Mechanical energy
3. The law of conservation of energy
8 20. Examples of solving problems on conservation laws
1. Collisions
2. Non-uniform motion in a circle
Chapter 4. MECHANICAL OSCILLATIONS AND WAVES
§ 21. Mechanical oscillations
1. Examples and characteristics of mechanical oscillations
2. Free oscillations
§ 22. Energy transformations during oscillations. Resonance
1. Energy transformations during oscillations
2. Forced oscillations
§ 23. Mechanical waves. Sound
1. Mechanical waves
2. Sound
MOLECULAR PHYSICS AND THERMODYNAMICS
Chapter 5. MOLECULAR PHYSICS
§ 24. The molecular-kinetic theory
1. Basic propositions of the molecular-kinetic theory
2. The main problem of the molecular-kinetic theory
§ 25. Amount of substance. Avogadro's constant
1. Relative molecular (atomic) mass
2. Amount of substance
§ 26. Temperature
1. Temperature and its measurement
2. The absolute temperature scale
§ 27. Gas laws
1. Isoprocesses
2. The equation of state of a gas
§ 28. Temperature and the average kinetic energy of molecules
1. The basic equation of the molecular-kinetic theory
2. Absolute temperature and the average kinetic
energy of molecules
3. Velocities of molecules
§ 29. Examples of solving problems in molecular physics

1. Graphs of the gas laws
2. The equation of state of a gas
3. Velocity and energy of molecules
§ 30. States of matter
1. Comparison of gases, liquids and solids
2. Crystals, amorphous bodies and liquids
3. Other states of matter
Chapter 6. THERMODYNAMICS
§ 31. Internal energy. The first law of thermodynamics
1. Internal energy
2. The law of conservation of energy in thermal phenomena
§ 32. Heat engines, refrigerators and air conditioners
1. Heat engines
2. Refrigerators and air conditioners
§ 33. The second law of thermodynamics. Protection of the environment
1. The irreversibility of processes and the second law of thermodynamics
2. The energy and ecological crises
§ 34. Examples of solving problems in thermodynamics
1. Finding the work of a gas
2. Finding the amount of heat transferred to a gas
3. Cyclic processes
§ 35. Phase transitions
1. Melting and crystallisation
2. Evaporation and condensation
ELECTROSTATICS
Chapter 7. ELECTRICAL INTERACTIONS 267
§ 36. The nature of electricity
1. From the electron-amber to the electron-particle
2. The role of electrical interactions
§ 37. Interaction of electric charges
1. Coulomb's law
2. The electric field
Chapter 8. PROPERTIES OF THE ELECTRIC FIELD
§ 38. Electric field strength
1. Electric field strength
2. Lines of field strength
§ 39. Conductors and dielectrics in an electrostatic field
1. Conductors
2. Dielectrics
§ 40. Potential and potential difference
1. Potential energy of a charge in an electrostatic field
2. Potential and potential difference
3. The relation between potential difference and field strength
4. Why do thunderstorms occur?
§ 41. Capacitance. Energy of the electric field
1. Capacitance
2. Energy of the electric field
Laboratory works
Stories about scientists
Answers to questions and problems
Subject and name index


§ 1. Frame of reference. Trajectory, path and displacement
1. Frame of reference
2. Material point
3. Trajectory, path and displacement
§ 2. Velocity
1. Instantaneous velocity
2. Vector quantities and their projections
3. Rectilinear uniform motion
§ 3. Acceleration. Rectilinear uniformly accelerated motion
1. Acceleration
2. Rectilinear uniformly accelerated motion

§ 4. Curvilinear motion

1. Motion of a body thrown at an angle to the horizontal
2. Uniform motion in a circle
§ 5. Examples of solving problems in kinematics
1. Transition to another frame of reference
2. Displacement in rectilinear uniformly accelerated motion
3. Motion in a circle
Chapter 2. DYNAMICS
§ 6. The law of inertia — Newton's first law

1. Early ideas about the causes of the motion of bodies
2. The law of inertia and the phenomenon of inertia
3. Inertial frames of reference and Newton's first law
§ 7. Man's place in the Universe
1. The frame of reference connected with the Earth
2. The heliocentric system of the world
§ 8. Forces in mechanics. Elastic force
1. Interactions and forces
2. Elastic force
3. Hooke's law. Measurement of forces by means of the elastic force
§ 9. Force, acceleration, mass. Newton's second law
1. The relation between force and acceleration
2. Examples of the application of Newton's second law
§ 10. Interaction of two bodies. Newton's third law
1. Interaction of two bodies
2. Examples of the application of Newton's third law
§ 11. Universal gravitation
1. On the way to the discovery
2. The law of universal gravitation
§ 12. Motion under the action of the forces of universal gravitation
1. Motion of bodies near the Earth's surface
2. Motion of artificial Earth satellites and spacecraft
§ 13. Weight and weightlessness
1. Weight
2. Weightlessness
§ 14. Friction forces
1. Sliding friction force
2. Static friction force
3. Rolling friction force
4. Drag force in liquids and gases
§ 15. Examples of solving problems in dynamics
1. Motion under the action of gravitational forces
2. Motion under the action of several forces
Chapter 3. CONSERVATION LAWS IN MECHANICS
§ 16. Momentum. The law of conservation of momentum
1. Momentum and the law of conservation of momentum
2. Examples of the application of the law of conservation of momentum
§ 17 - Jet propulsion. Space exploration
1. Jet propulsion
2. The development of rocket building and the exploration of space
§ 18. Mechanical work. Power
1. Mechanical work
2. Power
§ 19. Energy. The law of conservation of mechanical energy
1. Work and energy
2. Mechanical energy
3. The law of conservation of energy
8 20. Examples of solving problems on conservation laws
1. Collisions
2. Non-uniform motion in a circle
Chapter 4. MECHANICAL OSCILLATIONS AND WAVES
§ 21. Mechanical oscillations
1. Examples and characteristics of mechanical oscillations
2. Free oscillations
§ 22. Energy transformations during oscillations. Resonance
1. Energy transformations during oscillations
2. Forced oscillations
§ 23. Mechanical waves. Sound
1. Mechanical waves
2. Sound
MOLECULAR PHYSICS AND THERMODYNAMICS
Chapter 5. MOLECULAR PHYSICS
§ 24. The molecular-kinetic theory
1. Basic propositions of the molecular-kinetic theory
2. The main problem of the molecular-kinetic theory
§ 25. Amount of substance. Avogadro's constant
1. Relative molecular (atomic) mass
2. Amount of substance
§ 26. Temperature
1. Temperature and its measurement
2. The absolute temperature scale
§ 27. Gas laws
1. Isoprocesses
2. The equation of state of a gas
§ 28. Temperature and the average kinetic energy of molecules
1. The basic equation of the molecular-kinetic theory
2. Absolute temperature and the average kinetic
energy of molecules
3. Velocities of molecules
§ 29. Examples of solving problems in molecular physics

Clapeyron
1. Graphs of the gas laws
2. The equation of state of a gas
3. Velocity and energy of molecules
§ 30. States of matter
1. Comparison of gases, liquids and solids
2. Crystals, amorphous bodies and liquids
3. Other states of matter
Chapter 6. THERMODYNAMICS
§ 31. Internal energy. The first law of thermodynamics
1. Internal energy
2. The law of conservation of energy in thermal phenomena
jj 32. Heat engines, refrigerators and air conditioners
1. Heat engines
2. Refrigerators and air conditioners
§ 33. The second law of thermodynamics. Protection of the environment
1. The irreversibility of processes and the second law of thermodynamics
2. The energy and ecological crises
§ 34. Examples of solving problems in thermodynamics
1. Finding the work of a gas
2. Finding the amount of heat transferred to a gas
3. Cyclic processes
§ 35. Phase transitions
1. Melting and crystallisation
2. Evaporation and condensation
ELECTROSTATICS
Chapter 7. ELECTRICAL INTERACTIONS 267
§ 36. The nature of electricity
1. From the electron-amber to the electron-particle
2. The role of electrical interactions
§ 37. Interaction of electric charges
1. Coulomb's law
2. The electric field
Chapter 8. PROPERTIES OF THE ELECTRIC FIELD
§ 38. Electric field strength
1. Electric field strength
2. Lines of field strength
§ 39. Conductors and dielectrics in an electrostatic field
1. Conductors
2. Dielectrics
§ 40. Potential and potential difference
1. Potential energy of a charge in an electrostatic field
2. Potential and potential difference
3. The relation between potential difference and field strength
4. Why do thunderstorms occur?
§ 41. Capacitance. Energy of the electric field
1. Capacitance
2. Energy of the electric field

Article author: Andrei Olegovich